Goals of an Ethics Policy

[e.g. Academic Integrity Policy, Acceptable Use Policy, Honor Code, Statement on Plagiarism]

An ethics policy explains your [school, library, technology, classroom] goals, values and program within the larger context of the [district, school] educational mission, policies and procedures. By stating the rules and identifying the norms as lived in daily practices, the ethics policy offers explicit guidance about an individual's behavior and clarifies the rights and responsibilities of the institution and its stakeholders, the community and its members, the classroom and its learners.

Template for a Constructivist Policy

[using plagiarism examples]

A comprehensive ethics policy is a living document developed by the entire community or institution under the guidance of a leadership team including the school librarian and technology coordinator and key representatives of local and district administration, the school board, faculty, parents and students. The process of addressing the following questions will build a sustainable policy based on common values, principles and practices.

  1. Inspire and anchor: On what principles does this policy rest?
  2. Build consensus and leadership: Who owns the problem?
  3. Clarify and resolve differences: What concepts and preventative strategies are taught?
  4. Convert concepts into behaviors: What responsibilities and rights are identified?
  5. Develop a response plan: What disciplinary process is to be followed?
  6. Develop an ongoing prevention program: What proactive education supports the policy?
  7. Interrelate policies, programs and practices: How does this fit with other work?
  8. Plan for change: What is the policy review process?

1. Inspire and anchor: On what principles does this policy rest?

Central to the school culture
"Thacher's Honor Code is a way of living that both students and faculty cherish. Although an abstract concept, the Honor Code is experienced in real, daily, concrete ways. Thacher students never receive keys to their dorm rooms because doors at Thacher are never locked. A laptop computer left in the Dining Hall at lunch will still be there at dinner. Students are trusted simply...to sign out the library materials they need without supervision...the School helps 9th and 10th graders to understand issues of cheating and plagiarism and then allows juniors and seniors a degree of freedom..." more

Central to the goals of education
"The aim of education is the intellectual, personal, social, and ethical development of the individual. The educational process is ideally conducted in an environment that encourages reasoned discourse, intellectual honesty, openness to constructive change and respect for the rights of all individuals. Self discipline and a respect for the rights of others in the university community are necessary for the fulfillment of such goals. The Student Code of Conduct is designed to promote this environment..." more

Central to academic scholarship
"We should all be aware that we are part of a wider community of scholars, and it is the exchange of ideas, information, concepts and data that make the advancement of knowledge possible. However, just as we expect others to acknowledge the ideas that we have worked hard to develop, so we must also be careful to recognize the people from whom we borrow ideas..." more

"The Academic Honor Code is based on the idea, common to all respected institutions of higher learning in the western world, that the unique intellectual contributions of the individual writer are most important in judging and evaluating his or her work..." more

To create and maintain an ethical academic atmosphere
Academic Honesty Policy on Plagiarism (Colton-Pierrepont Central School)
"Honest behavior is an expectation for all students in the Colton-Pierrepont Central School District. The purpose of this policy is to create and maintain an ethical academic atmosphere in keeping with our school’s mission. We hope to foster and     encourage a desire in our students to contribute positively to our learning community and to become information literate and practice ethical behaviors in regard to information and information technology..." more

Central to the role of self-governing students
"The Honor System directly expresses the principle of student self-governance. Founded in 1842, the Honor System has succeeded for more than 150 years as an entirely student-run system. Stewardship of the system rests not only with the elected members of the Honor Committee, but it also lies with each student's decision to act honorably and to hold fellow students to the same standard. The Honor System works best when each student actively reaps its benefits and consciously strengthens its principles..." more

"Whereas, we, the members of the Undergraduate College of Bryn Mawr College, demonstrate our interest in each individual's capacity for personal integrity and our belief in the principles of self-governance by affirming our student community on a system of academic and social honor…" more

Central to civic education in a democracy
"A primary task of the school is to create a stimulating learning climate... includes broad exposure to the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a democratic society. The school environment should afford opportunities for students to exercise their rights and assume their responsibilities for citizenship... The rights of an individual are preserved only by the protection and preservation of the rights of others... The school believes that the best discipline is self-discipline and that the school environment should allow students, as far as practical, to make responsible decisions about their behavior. The school believes that giving students the opportunity to practice self-discipline in school will lead to their making more responsible choices when not in school..." more

Essential to one's future
"Truthfulness in one's claims and representations and honesty in one's activities are essential in life and vocation..." more

A privilege of use (AUP language)
"Users are responsible for... adhering to all copyright guidelines and avoiding plagiarism...." more

A standard of behavior (American Association of School Librarians)
Information Literacy Standard 8
"The student who contributes positively to the learning community and to society is information literate and practices ethical behavior in regard to information and information technology." Used in Muir School Library policy.

Standards for the 21st Century Learner Standard 3
"Share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society." Used in "What We Believe" Birmingham Public Schools Media Services

Based on right or law
"...understand and value the concept of intellectual property..." more
"...respect the intellectual property of others by crediting sources and following all copyright laws..." more

Other big picture statements

The Fundamental Values of Academic Integrity

2. Build consensus and leadership: Who owns the problem?

Consortium of schools

Center for Academic Integrity 

Professional organization

Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices (Council of Writing Program Administrators)

School-wide handbook, code, policies

Code of Character (Landon K-12)
In the 1960s, Landon students wrote an Honor Code to guide their actions and promote a community where a Landon man became know for his good word. In 2002, the School added a Civility Code to the core principles which govern our behavior as members of a community dedicated to the inclusion of all...In 2008, the Landon formally adapted a Code of Character, embracing both of these Codes, which commits us to make Landon a place where all are welcome, and where Respect and Honesty are our highest values. We recognize that, together, they form the foundation of true Brotherhood.

Honor Code (St. Mark's School)
Student-developed Honor Code linked to Seven Pillars of Character and "Roots and Wings" speaker program

Honor Brochure (East Chapel Hill H.S.)
Comprehensive approach to ethics education

Student Handbook  (Avon Grove H.S.)
Academic Honor Code prefaces rules, policies and guidelines: "The purpose of the Academic Honor Code is to foster the development of one of the most important characteristics of good citizenship – individual responsibility. Honorable academic behavior helps create an educational community based on trust, in which no cheating or plagiarism is tolerated. It creates an educational community in which individuals are treated fairly and recognized for their individual achievement. As student at Avon Grove High School, you are expected to follow this Code on all work completed in your courses..." more

Student/Parent Handbook (Illinois Math and Science Academy)
Alphabetical list (Academic honesty to Vending machines) of information and policies

Faculty and Staff Handbook (Purdue)
Integrated treatment of integrity in research and student-faculty relationships including such topics as honesty and A Bill of Student Rights  

Honor Code (Mountain Lakes H.S.)
A philosophy of academic Integrity based on a commitment to four values: honesty, respect, responsibility, trust

Academic Integrity at Penn State (Council of Academic Deans)
"The primary responsibility for supporting and promoting academic integrity lies with the faculty and administration, but students must be active participants. A climate of integrity is created and sustained through ongoing conversations about honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility and the embodiment of these values in the life of the University. Students and faculty should contribute actively to fostering a climate of academic integrity in all their scholarly activities, through discussions in first-year seminars and in other courses, and through involvement in college Academic Integrity Committees."

Duke Community Standard (Office of Judicial Affairs)
"Since 2003, freshman undergraduates have been signing the Community Standard at their convocation in lieu of pledging to uphold an honor code..." more

The Little Book of Plagiarism (Leeds Metropolitan University)
Created with cross-university input, the pamphlet is distributed to all schools within the university.

School Library

A Statement on Plagiarism (Bentley School Library) 

Library Skills: Sixth Grade (Keys School) 

Plagiarism: A Guide for CSU Students and Faculty (Eastern Connecticut State University Library)
Identifies the library's teaching of information literacy as a tool for prevention

Technology Department

Acceptable Use Policy (Haddonfield Public Schools District) 

Acceptable Use Policy: Staff (Londonderry School District) 

Writing Lab

Online Writing Lab (Purdue) 
With extensive advice on avoiding plagiarism http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/

Tutor Responsibilities and Code of Ethics (USD Writing Center (University of San Diego)
"Outlines the philosophical foundations that the USD Writing Center and our tutors are committed to foster..." more

A Department

Department of History (Southern Illinois University Carbondale)  
References the disciplinary standards and codes while the university works toward a common policy

English Department Policy on Plagiarism (South Windsor High School)

Computer Science Honor Code (Stanford University)

Classroom teacher

Plagiarism (Webb School English II)

Syllabus for AP Studio Art: 2-D Design Syllabus (Savannah Arts Academy)
Discusses artistic plagiarism although the Savannah-Chathan County Public School System Honor Code does not mention plagiarism

A Letter to My Students (Oakton Community College, Bill Taylor, Professor of Political Science)
"As you'll see, academic integrity basically requires the same things of you as a student as it requires of me as a teacher..." more 

Curriculum team

Publishing Guidelines for Research Papers and Culminating Projects (Bellingham H.S.)
Research guidelines for seniors and their project advisors, information for parents

The student

Student Handbook Cheating Policy (Orono H.S.)
"...If you tell the truth and take full responsibility for your actions, you will be consistently respected as a strong individual. If, on the other hand, you lie and try to avoid responsibility, your weakness will place doubts in the mind of everyone you deal with. It is a harsh fact of life that, once you damage your good reputation, it is hard to regain people's confidence. A reputation based on honesty is of great importance. Accordingly the school will do its best to help you protect it. If you should act dishonestly, the school, through disciplinary action and counseling, will work with you to try to repair the damage you have done to your relationships with the community."

An organization or group charged with responsibility for academic ethics

Student Council (Landon K-12)
"Maintaining Landon's Honor Code is the Council's most significant task, for in the Honor Code rest the qualities of trust and honesty that make Landon a very special environment in which to live and learn. Under the Honor Code, it is the responsibility of every Upper School student to control lying, stealing, and cheating at Landon. The council, however, is representative of these efforts and, with the assistance of a faculty advisor, is responsible for familiarizing all students with the Code and its implications and for the procedures of the Code."

Honor Committee (University of Virginia)  
"The Honor Committee is comprised of two Honor Representatives from each of the ten schools except the College of Arts and Sciences, which has five. The twenty-three member Honor Committee is ultimately responsible for the maintenance and administration of the Honor System. With the help of some one hundred support officers, the Honor Committee conducts honor investigations and trials, disseminates information on the Honor System to new students and faculty, and establishes special programs and policies... more 

Student Judicial Services, Office of the Dean (University of Texas, Austin)
Promotes Standard of Academic Integrity, administers other standards of conduct, investigates alleged violations and implements the disciplinary process.

Academic Integrity Council (Duke University)
Represents all constituencies of the campus community: "seven faculty members (five from Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and two from the Pratt School of Engineering), two undergraduates (one from the Duke Student Government and one from the Honor Council), one graduate student teaching assistant, and four administrators."

Student Honor Council (University of Maryland)
Administers Code of Academic Integrity with strong education component.

3. Clarify and resolve differences: What concepts and preventative strategies are taught?

Guiding the Gifted to Honest Work (Duke Gifted Newsletter, Debbie Abilock)
Article for faculty or parent discussion groups

Intent/Reasonable Person Standard (Stanford University, Office of Judicial Affairs)
Defines a "reasonable person" standard for intentional/accidental plagiarism

General Advice for Students

Honor Code (Brigham Young University) "Academic Honesty Details"
Clarifies cheating, fabrication or falsification, plagiarism and other academic misconduct

What is Plagiarism (Georgetown University, Gervase Program "promoting and encouraging intellectual life on campus")
Describes familiar situations using information language and humor

Plagiarism Policy: Subtleties (Rutgers Writing Program)
Explores gray areas using scenarios

Cheating and how to avoid it (Mankato Area Public Schools, District Media Services)
A student guide to plagiarism, cheating, and intellectual property use

Types of Plagiarism (University of Sussex Academic Office)
Includes word switching, misrepresenting common knowledge, concealing sources... more

Types of Plagiarism (SUNY Genesee Library, Sue Ann Brainard)
Includes copy and paste, word switch, metaphor, idea, reasoning style, organization... more

How Do I Avoid Plagiarism? (Newton North High School Library)
Contrasts when/when not to document a source

Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing (St. Johns University, Miguel Roig)
Preventive writing strategies

Proactive Teaching Advice for Faculty

A Faculty Guide: Collaborative Learning (Ryerson University)
Strategies for group work which create a culture of academic integrity

Designing Assignments (Dalhousie University)
Pedagogical strategies for the research process

Preventing Plagiarism with Creative Assignments: Ideas for Faculty (Truman State University Library)

Term Paper Alternatives or…So you'd like your students to use the library but don't want to assign a research paper? (St. Louis University Library, Miriam E. Joseph)

10 Sample Assignments (Ohio University Library)
Types of assignments with a range of difficulty which teach information competence but go beyond "just term papers"

Academic Integrity: Assignment ideas (Dalhousie University)
Assignment chart of products beyond a traditional paper

Proactive Advice for Parents

Commitment to Academic Honesty (Irvine Unified School District)

Parents Handbook (University of Chicago)


4. Convert concepts into behaviors: What responsibilities and rights are identified?

Honor Code (W. T. Woodson H.S.)
Lists student, faculty, administrator, parent responsibilities, student's rights, defines unethical behaviors, and enumerates penalties.  Refers to supporting document on student's rights (AUP, Fairfax County Public Schools' Student Responsibilities and Rights Regulation 2601P)

Plagiarism Policy (Middlesex County College)
Although suggestions and recommendations for handling plagiarism are made, "faculty have the right to determine their own penalties for plagiarism for use in their classes.  However, such policies should be discussed in class and clearly stated in the grading policies 'statement' faculty distributes to students with the course syllabus."

5. Develop a response plan: What disciplinary process is to be followed?

Academic Discipline Process Flowchart (Dalhousie) and procedures

Reporting

Academic Honor Principle: Information for Students (Dartmouth, Undergraduate Judicial Affairs) 
"Any student who becomes aware of a violation of the Academic Honor Principle is bound by honor to take some action. The student may report the violation, speak personally to the student observed in violation of the principle, exercise some form of social sanction, or do whatever the student feels is appropriate under the circumstances...If Dartmouth students stand by and do nothing, both the spirit and operation of the Academic Honor Principle are severely threatened."

Continuous self-reporting (Worthington High School, AP History)
"The following statement will appear on all tests, and you must include it on all essays"

A Faculty Guide to Cyber-Plagiarism: Reporting Plagiarism (University of Alberta Libraries) 

Campus Incident Report Form (Texas Tech)

Academic Misconduct Report Form (Metro State College of Denver)

Documenting

Policies and Procedures on Cheating and Plagiarism (CSU Fresno)  
See section C1 Faculty-student Conference

Sample Letter to Students and for Reporting Academic Integrity Violations (Texas Tech) 
Reviews factual information from teacher-student conference and explains teacher's action plan

Disciplinary Guidelines and Procedures

Plagiarism Policy (Oxnard High School, English Department)
Chart of violations, procedures, penalties

Student/Parent Handbook (Presentation High School)
See p. 19 of the pdf: Consequences include exclusion from honors, awards and leadership

Student Disciplinary Procedures (University of Arizona)

Policy on Academic Integrity (Rutgers University)
Increasingly serious levels (4) of infractions and suggests guidelines for sanctions

Academic Honesty: Documentation, Information Ethics and Plagiarism; A useful guide to getting things done the right way (Colton-Pierrepont Central School)
Outlines the teaching to be done and increasingly severe consequences by grade levels

Code of Academic Integrity (Cornell University)
Outlines the process, jurisdiction and procedures of Academic Integrity Hearing Boards

Undergraduate Academic Ethics Board (Johns Hopkins University)

Sample Plagiarism Cases and Consequences (Stanford University Office of Judicial Affairs)

Grade of XF (University of Maryland)
Specifically denotes "failure due to academic dishonesty" but treated as an "F" for Grade Point Average, course repeatability, and determination of academic standing.

Development and Integrity Course (Kansas State University)
An educational sanction given when XF grade is on the student's transcript

6. Develop an ongoing prevention program: What proactive education supports the policy?

Whole-school effort

Comprehensive Program (Office of Academic Affairs, Center for Intellectual Property (University of Maryland University College)
Guides, tutorials, scenarios, workshops, learning objects

Academic Integrity Office (University of California, San Diego)
"The Academic Integrity Office works closely with the Academic Senate, the six undergraduate colleges, the Office of Graduate Studies, academic departments, and central administration to:

School-wide Responsible Use Policy (Town School)
Students, parents, faculty, administrators and staff sign the same form

Faculty education
New Teachers Information Page (North Hardin High School)

Detecting plagiarism: a self-help guide (Robert College of Istanbul – middle/high school)
School librarian’s advice to teachers on when to suspect, how to detect, and how to prevent plagiarism

Plagiarism Guide for Instructors (University of Oregon Libraries)
Student companion site below

Internet Plagiarism: An Agenda for Staff Inservice and Student Awareness (Lakeview H.S.)
Staff presentation (librarian) with pamphlet Cheating - An Insider's Guide (social studies teacher)

Case of the Cheating Hart (University of Notre Dame Library)
Discussion scenario for a faculty workshop

Academic Integrity: Example Cases (North Carolina State)
Three case studies for faculty based on common situations seem by the Office of Student Conduct

Cut and Paste Plagiarism: How to Detect It and How to Prevent It (University of Notre Dame Libraries)

Big Ideas of Notemaking and Notetaking (Abilock)
Notetaking taxonomy

Beyond Cut-and-Paste (Abilock/Geiger)
Teaching strategies PowerPoint

Academic Orientation for Teaching Assistants (University of Windsor Academic Integrity Office)

Student education

Avoiding Plagiarism – A Guide for Students (University of Oregon Libraries)
Companion to the faculty site above

VAIL – Virtual Academic Integrity Laboratory (Center for Intellectual Property, University of Maryland University College)
Comprehensive, slick site with separate information for faculty and students including assessment of plagiarism detection tools, instructions on preventing and detecting plagiarism, chat and forum for questions, quizzes to check understanding and teaching advice.

Senior Project Handbook (Portsmouth High School)
Comprehensive packet: rationale and goals; affective aspects of a just-right challenge; letter of student commitment; review of parenthetical reference and paraphrasing; academic integrity and discussion of ethics and dishonesty challenge process; scaffolding of timeline, research process, mentor relationship, portfolio and presentation; various assessments including self-evaluation, mentor evaluation, and project rubrics; information for parents of juniors as well as seniors.

Honor (Sewanee University)
New student orientation process to overview the Honor Code

Bruin Success with Less Stress (UCLA Library)
Breezy, informal tone of flash presentation includes tips, links to policy statements, examples and interactive components to address five aspects of academic integrity: intellectual property, file sharing, citing and documenting, time management and cheating.

What is Plagiarism? (Rutgers University Libraries)
Humorous flash cartoon of plagiarism basics linked to academic honesty policy

You Quote It, You Note It! (Acadia University)
Choose a cartoon character in this Flash tutorial to learn about early planning, how to paraphrase and quote, citing and where to get help.

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity (Rutgers University)
Viewer selects responses to problems dramatized in realistic Flash scenarios

Plagiarism Quiz (Empire State Library)
Students respond with yes/no to scenario questions, check answers, and read further information

Academic Integrity Questions (Dalhousie)
Set of questions designed to be answered using clickers

The Plagiarism Court: You Be the Judge (Fairfield University Library)
Slick Flash presentation of dry information about plagiarism but with excellent paraphrase questions that invite thinking.

Test Your Integrity I.Q. (University of Manitoba)
Scenarios with leading questions and an answer key

Activity sheet: Identifying Plagiarism (Lehman College)
Scenarios with discussion questions

Academic Integrity Case Studies (University of Minnesota)
Case method provides fuller descriptions of problems with responses by three students to each situation.

Case Studies and Materials (University of Michigan Research Responsibility Program)
Academic integrity case examples for upper division or graduate student researchers

How to Recognize Plagiarism (Indiana University Bloomington, School of Education)
Focuses on paraphrasing with samples of source material and student writing with self-check

Case Studies (York University)
Viewer decides which writing samples display academic integrity and why

How to Avoid Plagiarism (Northwestern University, Undergraduate Academic Conduct Committee)
Draws examples from undergraduate essays and other sources to illustrate complex attribution or citation problems, followed by an analysis or explanation.

Dr. Cite Rite (Central Piedmont Community College Library)
Choose "Clickstein" for social sciences, "Clickspeare" for humanities or "Click ‘n Hammer" for applied sciences to get plagiarism overview and formatting elements for MLA or APA citations of common source types.

Family education

Parent Handbook (University of Southern California)
Discusses academic integrity and plagiarism as part of orientation program

District Plagiarism Policy (Taconic High School Library)
Parents and student sign

Honor Code (W.T. Woodson High School)
Parents and student sign

Upper Division Honor Code (Horace Mann School)
Parents and students sign

Acceptable Use Policy (Keystone School District)
Students sign agreement, parents sign permission prior to Internet use

Letter to Parents (Mountlake Terrace High School, Karen Hansen, English Teacher)
Classroom teacher describes expectations, grading policy and plagiarism and honor code

7. Interrelate policies, programs and practices: How does this fit with other work?

Laws and rulings: Legislation, contracts, judicial interpretations, school board rulings

Goals and plans: Vision and mission statements, long-range strategic plan, accreditation process, institutional self-study, educational technology plan

Local documents: District and school guidelines, disciplinary standards, vision and mission statements

Professional practice: Frameworks and growth goals, teaching assessments, curriculum reviews

Professional development programs: Learning communities, study teams, coaching, mentoring, leadership initiatives

Policies: Selection, acceptable use and information access policies, literacy statements, homework policy

Classroom: Syllabi, individual assignments, grading

Student organizations and civic roles: Student government, newspaper, community service, service learning, after-school programs

Parent education programs: back-to-school night, curriculum education, community or town meetings, parent-communication publications

8. Plan for change: What is the policy review process?

Process for review and amendment

Amendments to the Integrity Code (Rutgers)

"Suggested changes to this policy may be recommended by the Camden Faculty Senate’s Student Life Committee, the Dean of Students Office, the Arts and Sciences Dean’s Office, or the School of Business Dean's Office. Changes shall be approved by the Faculty Senate."

Instrument of Student Governance (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill)
See section on operational procedures: "The Committee on Student Conduct [shall be responsible for] proposing, reviewing, and coordinating action on amendments to this Instrument appropriate to its increased effectiveness."

Charter of Student Rights and Responsibilities (Bishop’s University)
"... intended to be a 'living document' which may be amended from time to time as needed, in light of experience, in order to clarify those students' rights and responsibilities to which the University is committed. It is further intended that responsibilities and rights accorded by all other policies of the University should be interpreted in light of this Charter."

Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics (New Jersey Dental School)
This Honor Code is a “living document” and as such, it will incorporate by reference any new and/or amended policies adopted by UMDNJ or the New Jersey Dental School as these policies apply to or touch upon the principles set forth in this document.

Ongoing review

University of Denver Honor Code: Rationale - Ph.D. Handbook (University of Denver)
The Honor Code is a living document that will evolve with time. In order to better foster and advance an environment of ethical conduct in the academic community of the University both substantive requirements and enforcement procedures may be amended by the University to reflect experience gained from its implementation...more

Scheduled review

Policy Review - Student Plagiarism Policy (TAFE NSW Hunter Institute)
"The Director…guides an annual review of the Plagiarism Policy to consider emerging technologies, academic standards and the Policy's efficacy in application."

Acceptable Use Policy (Hamilton-Wenham Regional School District)
This policy and its procedures will be reviewed every two years for compliance with state and federal law. Review and revision of these policies and procedures shall occur as needed, but at least every two years.

Student Handbook (East Brunswick High School)
"Our handbook is a living document.  It is revised and updated every year.  We encourage you to make suggestions to help us make this publication as useful as possible for our students and parents."